Soldiers manual

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Read less. Cook off the hand grenade optional. Throw the grenade overhand so that the grenade arcs, landing on or near the target. Note: To be effective the target must be within the bursting radius of the grenade.

Allow the motion of the throwing arm to continue in a natural manner once the grenade is released. Seek cover to avoid being hit by fragments or direct enemy fire. Assumed proper throwing position prone, kneeling, or standing. Gripped the hand grenade. Armed the grenade. Confirmed body target alignment. Threw the grenade using an overhand movement. Engaged the target within the effective bursting radius of the grenade.

You are not the fire team leader. Given an individual weapon and individual combat equipment. The fire team is moving tactically. STP SMCT 2 May Standards: Assume your position in the fire team's current formation, maintain proper distance between you and other fire team members, follow the team leader's example and maintain security of your sector.

Performance Steps Note: The standard fire team is composed of four personnel: fire team leader, automatic rifleman, grenadier, and rifleman. The fire team leader designates positions based on the mission variables. Assume your position in the fire team's current formation. Note: Specific positions vary based on the type of movement formation selected by the fire team leader.

Assume your position within the fire team wedge formation figure Fire team wedge Note: This is the basic fire team formation. It is easy to control, flexible, allows immediate fires in all directions, and offers all-round local security. Assume your position within the fire team modified wedge formation figure Modified fire team wedge Note: The modified wedge is easier to control in reduced visibility or rough terrain than other formations.

Assume your position within the fire team diamond formation figure Fire team diamond Note: The diamond is a variation of the wedge. It is most often used when the fire team is operating alone or is the lead security element for a column or file.

Assume your position within the fire team file formation figure Fire team file Note: The fire team uses the file formation when team is not in the diamond, wedge, or modified wedge. Maintain proper distance between you and other fire team members. Note: The normal distance between Soldiers is 10 meters. When enemy contact is possible, the distance between teams should be 50 meters. In open terrain such as desert, the interval may increase.

The distance between individuals is determined by how much command and control the team leader can still exercise over his team members.

Maintain visual contact with your team leader. Note: When the fire team leader moves left, you move to the left. When the fire team leader gets down, you get down. Follow the fire team leader's example. Adjust your position within the fire team as designated by the fire team leader.

Maintain security of your sector to the flanks, front, or rear of the team. Maintained proper distance from other fire team members. Maintained visual contact with the team leader.

Followed the fire team leader's example.. Changed position within the fire team as designated by the team leader. Maintained security of assigned sector Evaluation Guidance: Refer to chapter 1, paragraph e, 1 and 2. Standards: Move within an urban area using proper urban movement techniques while minimizing exposure to enemy fire. This ensures at least one Soldier is providing overwatch of another Soldier's movement, either from a stationary position or as both are moving, and prevents individual Soldiers from being isolated.

This allows for a rapid engagement of any enemy that either exposes themselves such as by leaning out of or by silhouetting themselves in a window or by firing. Note: Open areas include parks, plazas and large intersections, as well as streets, open air buildings, and large rooms that are much exposed to exterior view.

It is ideal to avoid these open areas as they are potential killing zones for the enemy, above all crew-served weapons and snipers; however, operations often require movement across these areas. Cross these areas using the same basic techniques used to cross any danger area. Identify the far side position before moving with a clear understanding of how it will be occupied or cleared.

Conduct a visual reconnaissance of all the dimensions of urban terrain to identify probable threat positions. Select a position on the far side that provides the best available cover. Select the best route to the far side position that minimizes the time exposed. Note: Obscurants, such as smoke, are an option to conceal movement. However, thermal sighting systems can see through smoke, and when smoke is thrown in an open area.

The enemy may fire into the smoke cloud in anticipation of movement through or behind the smoke. Cross fast along the selected route to the selected position. Move parallel to buildings. Note: Moving parallel to buildings is the movement most associated with moving down a roadway, but also includes movement in plazas or other open areas that are between buildings. During contact, utilize smoke, suppressive fires, and individual movement techniques.

In moving to adjacent buildings, team members should keep a distance of 3 to 5 meters between themselves, leapfrogging along each side of the street and from cover to cover.

Soldier moves parallel to the side of a building. Use existing cover and concealment. Stay in the shadows. Present a low silhouette. Use proper techniques to cross door and window openings. Move fast to the next position. Move past building opening windows and doors. Note: The most common mistakes at windows are exposing the head in a first-floor window and not being aware of basement windows.

Move past an above-knee window. Avoid silhouetting self in window b. Move past a below-knee window basement. Step or jump past the window without exposing legs c. Move past a full-height window store type or open door.

Move around corners. Note: Before moving around a corner, the Solider must first observe around the corner. The most common two mistakes Soldiers make at corners are exposing their head and upper body where it is expected and flagging their weapon. Move around a corner by first observing around the corner.

Note: Do not show your head below at the height an enemy would expect to see it. Expose your head with helmet only enough to observe around the corner Note: When speed is required the pie-ing method is applied. Cross a wall. Reconnoiter the other side. Note: The far side must be quite safe from enemy fire, as once across the wall the Soldier is altogether exposed. In addition, the immediate opposite side of the wall must be safe for landing for long drops and debris can cause injury.

Identify a far side position. Note: Once across the wall, you will then move to this far side position. This position may be at the wall, near the wall, or away from the wall. Crouch near the wall. Hold your weapon with one hand while grabbing the top of the wall with the other hand. Pull with the hand on the wall while at the same time swinging both legs over the wall, one right after the other. Roll your whole body fast over the wall while keeping a low silhouette figure Roll your whole body fast over the wall while keeping a low silhouette Note: Speed of movement and a low silhouette deny the enemy a good target.

Move to you next position once on the far side. Evaluation Preparation: Setup: At the test site, provide all materials and equipment given in the task condition statement. Brief Soldier: Tell the Soldier to move as a designated member of an assault element in urban terrain.

The enemy strength and location are unknown. Moved across a street or open area. Moved parallel to a building. Moved passed a building opening window or open door. Moved around a corner. Standards: Identify topographic symbols, colors, and marginal information on a military map. Identify the six basic colors on a military map figure Colors a. Identify the features that the color black represents.

Note: Indicates cultural manmade features such as buildings and roads, surveyed spot elevations, and all labels. Identify the features that the color blue represents.

Note: Indicates hydrography or water features such as lakes, swamps, rivers, and drainage. Identify the features that the color green represents. Note: Indicates vegetation with military significance such as woods, orchards, and vineyards. Identify the features that the color brown represents. Note: Brown identifies all relief features and elevation such as contours on older edition maps and cultivated land on red light readable maps.

Identify the features that the color red represents. Note: Classifies cultural features, such as populated areas, main roads, and boundaries on older maps. Identify the features that the color red-brown represents. Note: These colors are combined to identify cultural features, all relief features, nonsurveyed spot elevations, and elevation such as contour lines on red light readable maps.

Identify all other features and the colors they represent, if applicable. Note: Other colors may be used to show special information. These are indicated in the marginal information as a rule. Identify the symbols on the map figure Symbols a. Use the legend, which should identify most of the symbols used on the b. Identify each object by its shape on the map. Note: For example, a black, solid square represents a building or a house; a round or irregular blue item is a lake or pond.

Use logic and color to identify each map feature. Note: For example, blue represents water. If you see a symbol that is blue and has clumps of grass, this would be a swamp. Identify the marginal information figure Topographical map a. Identify the sheet name 1. Identify the sheet number 2. Identify the series name 3. Identify the scale 4. Identify the series number 5. Identify the edition number 6.

Identify the index to boundaries 7. Identify the adjoining sheets diagram 8. Identify the elevation guide 9. Identify the declination diagram Identify the bar scales Identify the contour interval note Identify the spheroid note Identify the grid note Identify the projection note Identify the vertical datum note Identify the horizontal datum note Identify the control note Identify the preparation note Identify the printing note Identify the grid reference box Identify the unit imprint and symbol Identify the legend Identified the six basic colors on a military map.

Identified the symbols on a military map. Identified the marginal information on a military map. Standards: Identify the five major and the three minor terrain features on a military map. Using hand to explain terrain features Figure A hill Figure A valley Figure A depression Figure A spur Figure Identify a hill figure Hill b.

Identify a saddle figure Identify a valley figure Valley d. Identify a ridge figure Identify a depression figure Depression 2. Identify three minor terrain features. Identify a draw figure Identify a spur figure Spur c. Identify a cliff figure Identified the five major terrain features. Identified the three minor terrain features. Standards: Determine the straight-line distance between two points in meters, with no more than 5-percent error and the road curved line distance between two points in meters, with no more than percent error.

Identify the scale of the map. Convert a straight-line map distance to miles, meters, or yards using the map's bar scale for map distances equal to or less than 1 inch figure Map bar scales a. Align the edge of a strip of paper with the beginning and ending points on the map.

Mark on the straight edge of the paper the beginning and ending points figure Beginning and ending points c. Align the marks on the paper with the appropriate bar scale figure Distance between beginning and ending points d. Determine the distance on the scale that compares to the distance on the paper. Convert a straight-line map distance to miles, meters, or yards using the map's bar scale for map distances greater than 1 inch.

Line up the straight edge of a strip of paper with the beginning and ending points on the map. Mark the beginning and ending points on the straight edge of the paper figure Place the starting point on the paper under the zero on the bar scale. Measure off 4, meters and place a new tick mark on the paper. Place the new tick mark under the zero on the bar scale. Determine if the end point falls within the bar scale. Determine if the end-point falls outside the bar. Convert a road map distance to miles, meters, or yards using the map's bar scale for distances equal to or less than 1 inch.

Align the edge of a strip of paper with the beginning point and the point where the road makes the first curve on the map. Mark on the straight edge of the paper the beginning and curve points. Repeat steps 4a and b, each time using the point of the curve as the next beginning point, until you reach the end-point. Distance between beginning and ending points e. Convert a road map distance to miles, meters or yards using the map's bar scale for distances greater than 1 inch.

Repeat steps 5a and b, each time using the point of the curve as the next beginning point, until you reach the end-point. Determine if the end-point falls within the bar scale. Converted a straight-line map distance to miles, meters, —— —— or yards using the map's bar scale for map distances equal to or less than 1 inch.

Converted a straight-line map distance to miles, meters, —— —— or yards using the map's bar scale for map distances greater than 1 inch. Converted a road map distance to miles, meters, or yards —— —— using the map's bar scale for distances equal to or less than 1 inch. Standards: Determine the coordinates of the grid square, determine coordinates using coordinate scale and without use of coordinate scale. Add the two-letter , meter square identifier to determine grid coordinate.

Determine the coordinates of the grid square figure Identifying the grid square a. Select the grid square that contains the identified point on the map see figure Read the north-south grid line that precedes the desired point see figure Record the number associated with that line. Read the east-west grid line that precedes the desired point see figure Note: The number of digits represents the degree of precision to which a point has been located and measured on a map the more digits the more precise the measurement.

In the above example the four digits identify the 1, meter grid square to be used. Determine point grid coordinates without coordinate scale figure Grid square divided a. Allocate the grid square into a 10 by 10 grid. Read right from the lower left corner to the imaginary gird line nearest the identified point.

Note: The north-south imaginary line nearest the point is halfway or 5 lines out of 10 lines. Therefore, the first half of your grid coordinate is Read up from the point reached in step 3b to the imaginary grid line nearest the identified point.

Note: The east-west imaginary line nearest the point is one-third of the way up or 3 lines out of 10 lines. Therefore the second half of your grid coordinate is Determine point grid coordinates with coordinate scale figure Coordinate scale and protractor left and plotting scale right Note: The most accurate way to determine the coordinates of a point on a map is with a coordinate scale.

You need not imagine lines because you can find the exact coordinates using the coordinate scale, protractor, or the plotting scale.

Each device, in fact, includes two coordinate scales, , and , meters. Make sure that, regardless which device you use, you choose the correct scale. Locate the grid square where the point is located. Note: The number of the vertical grid line on the left west side of the grid square gives the first and second digits of the coordinate. The number of the horizontal grid line on the bottom south side of the grid square gives the fourth and fifth digits of the coordinate.

Place a coordinate scale and protractor or a plotting scale see figure on the bottom horizontal grid line of the grid square containing Point A to determine the third and sixth digits of the coordinate. Check to see that the zeros of the coordinate scale are in the lower lefthand southwest corner of the grid square where Point A is located figure Slide the scale to the right, keeping the bottom of the scale on the bottom grid line until Point A is under the vertical right-hand scale figures and Aligning the coordinate scale Figure Aligning the plotting scale Note: To determine the six-digit coordinate, look at the meter mark on the bottom scale, which is nearest the vertical grid line.

This mark is the third digit of the number The meter mark on the vertical scale nearest to Point A gives you the sixth digit of the number The complete grid coordinate is Always read right, and then up. Add the two-letter ,meter-square identifier to determined grid coordinate. Identify the two-letter ,meter-square identifier by looking at the grid reference box in the margin of the map figure Grid reference box b. Place the ,meter-square identifier in front of the grid coordinate. Note: In the example given the final grid coordinate becomes GL Determined point grid coordinates without coordinate scale.

Determined point grid coordinates with coordinate scale. Added the two-letter ,meter-square identifier to the determined grid coordinate. Identify the location to be determined. Note: In general, terrain association is used to determine an individual's current physical location; however, terrain association maybe used to determine any location that is identifiable on the map. Note: There are two ways to orient a map: 1 Using a compass. The magnetic arrow of the compass points to magnetic north.

As such, pay special attention to the declination diagram. This method is, as a rule, used when a compass is not available or when the user has to make many quick references as he moves across country. Determine the type of terrain feature on which you are located or the identified location. Determine the types of terrain features that surround your location or the identified location. Correlate the terrain features on the ground to those shown on the map.

Determine your location. Determine the coordinates of your location. Note: Determine your location using a coordinate scale and protractor, a plotting scale, or by visualizing a 10 by 10 grid box inside the appropriate grid square.

Identified the location to be determined. Oriented the map. Determined the type of terrain feature on which you were located or the identified location. Determined the types of terrain features that surround your location or the identified location. Correlated the terrain features on the ground to those shown on the map. Determined location. Standards: Orient the map to within 30 degrees of magnetic north. Hold the map in a horizontal position. Match terrain features appearing on your map with terrain features you can see on the ground figure Features used to orient map 3.

Align the map such that the terrain features on the map line up with the terrain features on the ground. Matched terrain features appearing on map with physical features on the ground. Aligned the map such that the terrain features appearing —— —— on map lined up with the physical features on the ground to within 30 degrees. Standards: Orient the map to the ground using a compass. The north-seeking arrow of the compass must fall within 3 degrees 50 mils of the angle shown in the grid-magnetic G-M angle on the map's declination diagram.

Place the cover side of the compass pointing towards the top of the level map. Align the compass parallel to a north-south grid line. Note: This will place the black index line on the dial of the compass parallel to grid north. Since the needle on the compass points to magnetic north, a declination diagram on the face of the compass is formed by the index line and the compass needle.

Rotate map and compass until the directions of the declination diagram formed by the black index line and the compass needle match the direction shown in the declination diagram printed on the margin of the map. Notes: 1. If the magnetic north arrow on the map is to the left of the grid north, the compass reading equals the G-M angle given the declination diagram. If the magnetic north is the right of the grid north, the compass reading equals degrees 6, mils minus the G-M angle.

The compass reading equal to the G-M angle or the degrees [6, mils] minus the G-M angle will be apparent. If the G-M angle is less than 3 degrees 50 mils , do not line up the north arrow. Some maps have a built-in protractor consisting of a pivot point "P" on the south neat line of the map and several degrees of arc along the north neat line of the map.

Obtain the G-M line by connecting pivot "P" with the appropriate value of the G-M angle taken from the declination diagram on the arc. Place the compass parallel on this line. Rotate the map and compass until the needle point aligns with the continuous line formed by the index line and the sighting wire.

Orient the map. An alternate method is to draw a magnetic north line on the map from any N-S and E-W grid line intersection using the protractor. Align the straightedge of the compass along this magnetic north line.

Rotate the map and compass together, until the north arrow falls beneath the fixed black index line on the compass. Placed the cover side of the compass pointing towards the top of the level map. Aligned the compass parallel to a north-south grid line. Rotated map and compass until the directions of the declination diagram formed by the black index line and the compass needle matched the direction shown in the declination diagram printed on the margin of the map. Corrected the orientations of the map when the G-M —— —— angle exceeded 3 degrees 50 mils using one of the following methods: a.

Formed the G-M angle with the black index line and the needle on the compass. Used the pivot point "P" on the south neat line and the degrees of arc along the north neat line; placed the compass along this line.

Drew a magnetic north line from any N-S and E-W grid line intersection using a protractor and placed the compass along this line. Note: Steps 5 were only required when the G-M angle was greater than 3 degrees or 50 mils.

Step 5b was only tested if the map had the built-in protractor. Standards: Determine the correct magnetic azimuth to the designated point within 3 degrees using the compass-to-cheek method, and within 10 degrees using the center-hold method.

Inspect the compass figure Lensatic compass a. Ensure floating dial, which contains the magnetic needle, moves without restraint and does not stick. Ensure the sighting wire is straight. Ensure glass and crystal parts are not broken. Ensure numbers on the dial are readable.

Determine direction figure Lensatic compass floating dial a. Align the compass to the direction you want to go or want to determine. Locate the scale beneath the index line on the outer glass cover. Determine to the nearest degree, or 10 mils, the position of the index line over the red or black scale. Metal objects and electrical sources can affect the performance of a compass.

However, nonmagnetic metals and alloys do not affect compass readings. The following separation distances are suggested to ensure proper functioning of a compass: High-tension power lines Field gun, truck, or tank Telegraph or telephone wires and barbed wire Machine gun Steel helmet or rifle Determine an azimuth with the compass-to-cheek method figure Compass-to-cheek method a.

Open the c1over to a degree angle to the base. Position the eyepiece at a degree angle to the base. Place your thumb through the thumb loop. Establish a steady base with your third and fourth fingers. Extend your index finger along the side of the compass base. Place the hand holding the compass into the palm of the other hand. Move both hands up to your face. Position the thumb that is through the thumb loop against the cheekbone.

Unfortunately, many Soldiers do not know some of the most basic rules. As a Senior NCO, I have frequently had to explain simple regulations to Soldiers and show them the documents where the rules can be found. Many of the Soldiers that I have had to explain these regulations too, have been a higher rank than me. I have always been surprised by this. The regulations are freely available to Soldiers.

Since many of these Soldiers do not know the rules, their lack of knowledge can lead them to getting in trouble, or even missing a promotion.