Managing the development of large software systems royce

Go figure. To reduce the risk of failure, larger projects require more than the basic steps—notably requirements definition steps before the analysis step; a design step in between the analysis and coding steps; and a testing step after coding. Also, as anyone familiar with iterative development techniques will tell you, if we develop iteratively, with each iteration building on the deliverables of its predecessor, we can reduce risk further because we move our development baseline forward with the completion of each iteration—that is, the more we build, the less risk there is to contend with.

Thus, it is entirely possible that, when testing Iteration 4, we discover a fundamental flaw related to work done in iteration 1; which, in turn, could require significant rework of components from iteration 1 on-ward.

Either the requirements must be modified, or a substantial change in the design is required. Performance and Supportability ; and hone the design by collaborating with analyst input.

In other words, establish a baselined architecture to minimize architecturally-significant risks. To ensure success, Dr. Royce suggests three, key factors to ensure success:. Second, document the design. A lot. Why so much documentation?

Royce is careful to point out the unique background required by project staff involved at this stage:. Finally, involve the customer—early and often.

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