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Both properties also accept keyword values of none the default and auto along with the following functions and keywords:. The fr unit, also referred to as a flexible length value, is one of the more useful units you can apply to the grid-template-rows and grid-template-columns properties.

As the name implies, the fr unit represents a fraction of any space left over in a grid container. Similar to the previous examples, this again creates a grid of two rows and four columns. Notice that the fr units can be decimal values too. Try it in the demo below:. Keep in mind that the space divided up is based on available space, which is calculated after any other layout factors that take priority.

This one takes one or more string values, so it might look a bit strange at first. Each string value in grid-template-areas represents a single row in the grid. Each space-separated set of values within each string represents columns in the grid.

The names for each grid item in these strings are mapped to specific HTML elements. Notice the above code also uses the grid-area property to define which HTML elements will represent each grid area.

The next demo should make this a little more clear. I used the :nth-child pseudo-class to target the elements, but you can use any valid CSS e. In some cases, you might want one or more grid cells to represent empty space with no content. In that case, you can indicate this with the following syntax notice the dots :. With this example, all my rows will be a maximum of 75px and all my columns will be a maximum of px, depending on the available space.

These values can be any valid length values. You can try the code in the CodePen below:. The grid in that demo starts out using the same grid areas as the previous sections. The toggle button enables the implicit sizing for rows and columns. In addition to length and percentage values, possible values for grid-auto-rows and grid-auto-columns include:.

For either property, you can specify multiple space-separated track sizes, using any of the above values. So the following would be valid:. The above would be the sizes for a grid of two rows and three columns, this being similar to the explicitly sized row and column sizes when defining a grid using grid-template-rows and grid-template-columns.

One final feature related to auto-sizing that you might find useful is the grid-auto-flow property. Notice how the layout changes based on the value selected, but also take note how the source order changes the items have numbers shown so you can compare the natural HTML order with the grid order. The following sections will look at the properties applied to the grid items i. There are four properties that allow you to define where in a grid a specific grid item should start or end:.

Take a look at the following graphic:. The red and blue lines represent the grid lines. The numbers on each line represent how these lines are counted. The following interactive demo should help you understand how the above code works. Keep in mind where the grid line numbers start and end refer back to the graphic and it should make sense.

For example:. This tells the 10th grid item to span three full grid rows and two full grid columns from its starting point. This interactive example should help:. With this syntax, you also have the option to name the grid lines so you can reference them when positioning grid items.

To help you understand it, use the grid line graphic I showed you earlier to compare the numbers indicated in the CSS comments to the custom identifiers that replace the numbers. This is recommended for better maintainability. Note that the 6th grid item overlaps the others, based on its defined placement. It has a different background color than the others, to ensure you can see its placement clearly. Feel free to fiddle around with the named line values to see how the items change.

These properties are part of the Box Alignment module. They work similarly in a Grid Layout context. But the Grid Layout specification includes a number of shorthand properties that let you define your grids with a shorter syntax. How did I do the calculation? The box-1 occupies 1 box itself. And over that, we are adding more 8 boxes. If you're confused by the first property, you can use the span keyword as it is easier to understand.

We need to add 8 boxes to. You use these two properties to join multiple ROWS together. It is shorthand of 2 properties:. Let's experiment with it!

Here, I'll stick with. Now, only focus on the row scale, not the column. You use this property to position 1 individual grid-item child inside a grid container along the X-Axis [Main Axis]. This only works on the child classes.

So, target any. I'll target the first box:. You use this property to position 1 individual grid-item child inside a grid container along the Y-Axis [Cross Axis]. I'll target the 1st box:. If you read this far, tweet to the author to show them you care.

Tweet a thanks. Learn to code for free. Get started. Forum Donate. Joy Shaheb. Grid is a blueprint for making websites. Here's a simple demo which I created using Grid as the main blueprint. Grid properties are divided into: Parent properties Child Properties Note: The red colored text denotes the shorthand properties: By the end of this tutorial, you'll have a clear understanding of how to use all of those properties.

Or, you can just open Codepen and start coding. At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to make accurate and beautiful website layouts. Let's start coding. Before starting, you need to understand the relationship between parent and child classes. The grid-template-columns property You use this property to define the number and width of columns.

The "auto" keyword will cover the available space. If you use fr fraction unit as a unit of measurement, all the boxes will be equal in size. The grid-template-rows property You use this property to define the number and height of rows. The justify-items property You use this property to position grid-items children inside grid containers along the X-Axis [Main Axis]. Take a break, you deserve it. The CSS Grid Scale I made this grid scale to demonstrate the calculations of how rows and columns are joined together.

We can use any 1 of the 2 types of measurement: The digit [1,2,3,4, etc We're set, let's start! It is a shorthand of 2 properties: grid-column-start grid-column-end Write this code in your CSS:. Let's bring our grid scale. We are dealing with columns — just focus on the columns, not rows.